一、导读：

Key words & expressions involved

二、导思：【课文定位】根据语境推测下列划线单词或者短语的中文意思并且反复诵读

1. Living in space is every would-be astronaut’s dream.

2. I bet you would love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!

3. Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.

4. We usually sleep in private quarters, which are more like large cupboards, or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling.

5. It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.

6. The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding.

三、导学

A. 词性转化

1. __________ n. 重力，地球引力；严重性，严肃 →           adj. 严峻的，严重的；认真的； n坟墓.  

2.            n．缺乏，不存在；缺席→              adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的

3. _____________Vt./ Vi./n. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力做…；打扰；→               adj. 烦恼的，感到讨厌的→               adj. 麻烦的，令人讨厌的

4. ____________ Vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→             adj.已占用的；无空闲的；使用中的→              n．工作；职业；占领；居住；使用

5.             Vt.评估，估计，评价→              n．评价；估价 →                Vt. 高估

→ ____________Vt. 低估

6. _____________n. 维护，保养；维持，保持→             Vt. 保持，维持；维修，保养；断言，主张

7.            n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道 →              v．使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光→__________    adj.无遮蔽的；易受攻击的

8. __________n. 不常有的乐趣、享受；奢侈品  →               adj. 奢侈的，豪华的；心满意足的

9. ___________ adj.看得见的；明显的→              adj. 看不见的 →                n.视力，眼力，远见卓识；幻想，幻觉；构想，展望

10. __________ adj. 必不可少的，对…极重要的；维持生命所必须的 →             adv. 极其；紧要地，

生死攸关地  →                n. 活力，热情，生机，生命力

11. ____________ adj. 永久的，永恒的 →               adv. 永久地，不断发生地，一致存在地 →

              n. 永久（性），持久（性）

B. 核心单词的用法

1. astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt/  n. 宇航员，航天员

astronomy    n. 天文学   

astronomer   n. 天文学家   

astronomical  adj. 天文的，天文学的；极大的

2. gravity  n. 重力；地球引力  

  Newton’s law of gravity 牛顿万有引力定律

  严重性= seriousness/severity                  严肃；庄严  behave with gravity

→grave   adj. 重大的，严重的；严肃的；庄严的

n. 坟墓；墓穴；

Arrows would continue to fly forward forever in a straight line were it not for gravity, which brings them down to earth. 要不是重力使箭掉落地上，它将会一直沿直线向前飞行。

I don't think you realise the gravity of the situation. 我认为你没有意识到形势的严重性。

3. absence /ˈæbsəns/    n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席      反义词: presence  n. 出席，在场；存在

in the absence of… 在缺乏…的情况下        in/during one’s absence在某人不在的时候

absence from work 缺勤 (OPP: presence at...)

→absent   adj.  be absent from…缺席，不在      absent-minded  adj.心不在焉的     

The decision was made in my absence (= while I was not there). 这个决定是我不在的时候作出的。

In the absence of actual data no reliance can be placed on such figures.

在缺乏实际资料的情况下，这样的数据不可靠。

4. cupboard  n. 壁柜；橱柜；衣柜

习语：a skeleton in the cupboard: sth shocking, embarrassing    令人难堪的秘密，不可外扬的家丑

 Every family has a skeleton in the cupboard.   家家有本难念的经

5. ceiling  n. 天花板;上限

     hit the ceiling / roof   勃然大怒，大发雷霆，发脾气 = be hot under the collar

The company passed an agreement to put a ceiling on salaries.  公司通过一项规定工资上限的协议。

When he heard the news, he hit the ceiling and started shouting.

6. bother  Vt. 使烦恼，使担心；打扰；花费时间精力（做某事）  

Vi. 花费时间精力（做某事）

n. 麻烦，困难

bother sb with/about sth

bother to do sth//bother doing sth 花时间做某事

Sb cannot be bothered to do sth 某人嫌麻烦偷懒不做某事

The grass needs cutting but I can't be bothered to do it today. 草得剪一剪了, 但我今天却懒得去做.

  bothersome   adj. 令人烦恼的

7. occupy   Vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于

occupy sb/oneself in doing sth/ with sth使某人忙于做某事       

be occupied with sth/in doing sth

→occupied   adj. 使用中的(反：vacant)；忙于某事的；被侵占的

→occupation   n. 职业，工作；占领，占据；占用，使用

The most important thing is to keep yourself occupied. 让自己忙起来

She occupied herself with routine office tasks. 她忙于办公室的日常工作。

The area is under occupation. 被占领

8. evaluate  V. 评估= assess     

evaluation  n.  =assessment

overevaluate   Vt. 高估

underevaluate   Vt.  低估

9. cast new light on 使进一步了解  (cast-cast-cast)

cast/shed/threw light on... 使...更清楚些  (shed-shed-shed; shed-shedding)

bring sth to light 揭露；披露；暴露；揭发   

come to light 为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露

in (the) light of sth 考虑到；鉴于= in view of = considering = given

10. maintenance  n. 维护，保养；维持，保持

maintain  Vt. 维护

daily/routine maintenance  日常保养，日常维护        

operation and maintenance  使用和维护

the maintenance of international peace 维护世界和平

11. circumstance   n. 条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况,（尤指）经济情况

in the/this/ that circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此/ 那样的话

in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何都不（置于句首时句子要部分倒装）

Under no circumstances should we give up hope. 我们无论如何都不能放弃希望。

12. exposure   n. 面临，遭受；揭露；被报道

After only a short exposure to sunlight he began to turn red.他只在阳光下晒了一会儿，皮肤就开始变红了。

The company feared exposure of its faults.

Her new film has had a lot of exposure in the media.

→expose   v. 暴露，露出；揭露；使接触       →exposed    adj.无遮蔽的；易受攻击的

expose sb/oneself to sth使某人接触某事          be exposed to 使暴露在...，使接触...

We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.

Being exposed to strong sunlight is harmful to your skin.

13. visible  adj. 看得见的    invisible    adj.看不见的     

vision    n. 视力；眼力，远见卓识；幻想，幻觉；构想，展望

be highly/clearly visible to sb 对某人来说清晰可见

14. in view of 鉴于，考虑到....=given/ considering

in one’s view 在某人看来

In view of the fact that Hobson was not a trained economist his achievements were remarkable.  

鉴于霍布森非科班出身的经济学家这一事实，他的成就是很了不起的。

15. luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/   n. 不常有的乐趣（或享受）；奢饰品

to lead a life of luxury 过奢侈的生活           luxury goods 奢侈品

a luxury  一件奢侈的东西、事

luxurious    adj. 奢侈的；丰富的；放纵的；特级的

It was a luxury if you had a washing machine in those days. 那时候有洗衣机就算是奢侈了。

By all accounts he leads a life of considerable luxury. 从方方面面来讲，他都过着极为奢侈的生活。

16. vital      adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的           

be vital for/to sth   对……是重要的，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。

be of vital importance &nbs