一、导读：Translation

郑和

1405年夏，中国一位最伟大的探险家郑和从太仓起锚,开启了他的首次远航。其船队有船200余艘，载着近两万八千人，在碧海上乘风破浪，场面极其壮观。规模更大的航海船队要到500年之后出现。据史料记载，郑和船队最大的船长逾140米，可知其造船技术之高超，工艺之独特。

1405至1433年间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品。船队先后对30多个国家和地区进行友好访问。他最远甚至抵达了非洲东海岸。海员们一路上记录罗盘刻度，书写航海日志，绘制海岸地图。这些详细的地图后来集为《郑和航海图》。

郑和七次下西洋对中国及其邻国产生了深远影响。在郑和到访过的国家和地区，至今流传着有关这位伟大探险家的传说。郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国对海外诸邦的了解。

多年来，一些历史学家认为这些航海活动的记载只是传说而不予理会。后来,铁证出现了，在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂,当年郑和的船便在此处建造。郑和的成就在今天获得广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。

哥伦布

凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。1451年,哥伦布生于意大利一个港口城市。少年时代他就喜爱航海，对地理表现出极大的兴趣。这些激励他开始了海员生涯。

哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航海。经过不懈的尝试，他终于获得了西班牙国王和王后的资助。1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。这次航行中他们饱经磨难：航行时间超过预期，食物储备不足，还有一艘船严重漏水，船上所有人都命悬一线。人们都陷入了恐慌。哥伦布不顾所有的挑战，凭借自己的知识和勇气，确保大家都平安越过海洋。终于，10月12日那天，有船员看到远方的陆地。哥伦布将生活在岛上的土著人称为印第安人，因为他深信自己来到了东印度群岛。然而，他们所到达的海岸其实属于加勒比海地区，而不是东印度群岛。

1493年至1504年间，哥伦布又先后三次出航，途中发现了更多陆地。这位伟大探险家最大的贡献是“发现”新大陆。他的发现激励了诸如詹姆斯·库克船长这样的探险家去探索和发现世界更广大的区域。他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地理发现的时期。同时，这个时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。

二、导思：Key phrases

三、导学：

Step 1 Pre-reading   

(1) Which dynasty would you go back to and why?

(2) Which historical figure would you like to meet and what would you say to him/ her? 

(3) What dangers did explorers face in the past?

Step 2 Fast reading 

I. The teacher asks students to read the articles and complete the table.

Ⅱ.Complete the main idea of the passage.

The main idea of the passage is ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________.

Step 3 Careful thinking

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.

1．Why did Zheng He load ships with china, silk, tea and other treasures?

A．To sell to earn money.         B．To exchange with other countries.

C．To give foreign rulers as gifts.   D．To use on board.

2．What effect did Zheng He's seven voyages have on China and its neighbors?

A．To help develop and strengthen harmonious relations between China and its neighbors.

B．To help draw the Navigation Map.

C．To pay visits to over 30 countries and religions.

D．To help develop the economy in Ming Dynasty.

3．What helped prove that the records of Zheng He's voyages were not legends? 

A．The historian's explanation.

B．The enormous shipyard discovered in Nanjing.

C．The Navigation Map.

D．The gifts to foreign rulers.

4．Which of the statements about Christopher Columbus is WRONG?

A．Columbus was born in a port city of Italy.

B．As a teenager，Columbus loved sailing and drawing maps.

C．Columbus's career as a seaman began after he moved to Spain.

D．Columbus's journey was full of challenges.

5．As explorers, what qualities do Zheng He and Christopher Columbus have in common?

A．Adventurous and persistent.     B．Brave and modest.

C．Ambitious and proud.          D．Helpful and generous.

Step 4 Sentence­learning

1．A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board, which was a splendid scene.

[句式分析]　本句为复合句。with almost 28,000 people on board 是“with＋宾语＋介词短语”的复合结构；which在句中引导定语从句。

[自主翻译]　一支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蓝色的大海上航行，船上有近2.8万人，场面十分壮观。

2．According to some records, the largest ships were over 140 metres in length, demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.

[句式分析]　本句为简单句。demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships是现在分词短语作状语，其中used in constructing ships是过去分词短语作定语。

[自主翻译] 根据一些记录，最大的船只长度超过140米，显示了建造船只的先进技术和特殊技能。

3．Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.

[句式分析]　本句为简单句。exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands 是并列的现在分词短语作状语。

[自主翻译]　郑和的努力有助于发展和加强与这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人接触到中国文化，让中国人更好地了解海外。

4．Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.

[句式分析]　本句为复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词 those。as引导非限制性定语从句。

[自主翻译]　那些有重大发现的人必须经常克服沿途的许多挑战，就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布那样。

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