一、导读：

Read the short passage on P6, finish the box and explore the rules.

二、导思：

Please complete the attributive clause with relative words.

1.The man ______________came to our school is Mr. Wang.

2.A child ______________ parents are dead is called Tom.                                                             
3.I like the person to _______________ you just talked.

4.I still remember the day ________________ I first came here.

5.The factory ________________ his father works is in the west of the city.

三、导学：

I.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1.限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句的意思就不完整、不明确。翻译时一般译成前置定语，意为“……的”。

Papers cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty. 早在南北朝时期的墓中就已经发现了动物剪纸。

A soldier who does not want to be a marshal is not a good soldier. 不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。

2.非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充或描绘作用，如果省略，也不影响主句的意思，主句也能独立存在，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时一般将主句和从句译成并列形式。

The accident, which took place in Kingston, a town southwest of London, happened because of the fog.

事故发生在伦敦西南部的一个小城市—金斯顿，起因是有雾。

Difficulty is the nurse of greatness, who roughly rocks her children into strength.

苦难是伟大的养育者，她粗暴着晃动着摇篮让子女长大成人。

注意：引导非限制定语从句的关键词不能省略。

同限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句也可由关系代词/关系副词引导，但从句中的关系词不可省略，关系代词that和关系副词why不可用于非限制性定语从句。

St Petersburg, which is a very beautiful city, was once called Leningrad.

Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.

He came to the United States in 1914, when World WarⅠbroke out.

Singapore, where I have lived for ten years, is a dynamic country with many a skyscaper.

注：which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词可以是主句中的一个名词（指物），也可以是整个句子；which在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语等，不可省略。

Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long history.

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

3. (1)as作关系代词既指人又指物，引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。一般用于such…as，the same…as，as…as结构中，as在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

Money, as someone once said, is the root of all evils.正如有人曾经说过的那样，金钱是万恶之源。

（2）as引导非限制性定语从句，还可以代表整个主句的内容，意为“正如，像。”

He is from the south, as I know from his accent.他是南方人，我从他的口音可以听出来。

As was expected, he performed the task with success.正如所料，他成功地完成了任务。

注：as可以像which 一样引导一个定语从句修饰整个先行主句，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译为“正如，正像；这”; as是关系词中唯一可以置于句首的关系词。

Taiwan belongs to China, as is known.

Things will turn out contrary to one's wishes, as is often the case.

As the saying goes, “A year's work begins with spring.”

II.“介词+关系代词”结构

1.“介词+关系代词”结构的作用

“介词+关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句，又能引导非限制性从句。

You are not the first I have said no to.（省略了关系代词，介词to职能位于句末。）

2.介词后关系代词的选用

先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whom；关系代词whose与所修饰的名词一起也可位于介词之后。

Mountain Himalayas, the peaks of which are hardly seen, is the highest mountain in the world.

喜马拉雅山是世界上最高的山，它的山顶几乎看不到。（先行词指物，用which。）

Tom, by whom the window was broken, has been criticized by his teacher.

汤姆打坏了这个窗户，受到了老师的批评。（先行词指人，用whom。）

He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen the bag.

他就是被小偷从其房间偷走包的那个人。（whose与room一起置于介词from之后。）

拓展：

“介词+关系代词”前可含有不定代词、数词或名词等。

He gave several reasons, few of which/of which few were valid.他给出了几个理由，几乎都站不住脚。

3.“介词+关系代词”结构的转换

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，有时可以与“介词+关系代词+不定式”转换。

She must have time in which to grow calm.  她需要时间冷静。（=in which she could grow calm）

Fred has some money in the bank, with which to help her mother.

弗雷德在银行有些存款，用这些钱可以帮助他母亲。（=with which he can help his mother）

介词 + 关系代词也可引导非限制性定语从句，

The car, for which I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.

I suggest you go to a specialist, from which you can get answers to most of your questions.

名词/代词/ 数词+ of + whom/which引导的非限制性定语从句。

    注：whose+ n. (人/物)   = the + n. + of whom/which = of whom/which + the + n.

Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

This is the house, the windows of which broke last night.

III.区别

1.结构不同

限制性定语从句常紧接在先行词后，主、从句间没有逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开。

A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.医生就是关照人们健康的人。（限制性定语从句。）

As you know, I don’t like drinking or smoking.你知道的，我不喜欢喝酒，抽烟。（非限制性定语从句。）

2.功能不同。

限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰、限制；非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充、说明。

He asked me a question which was about my study at school.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。

This is my motorbike, which was sent to me by my uncle.这是我的摩托车。它是我的叔叔送的。

3.先行词不同

限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、短语或整个句子。

I know nothing that happened last night.

昨天晚上所发生的事情我一点儿也不知道。（定语从句修饰前面的nothing。）

He has made great progress, which makes he happy.

他进步很大，这使我们大家很高兴。（定语从句说明前面整个句子的内容。）

四、课文重难点

1.Useful Expressions

2.Tourism is the lifeblood of the communities that call popular holiday destinations their homes.

※关系代词that 引导定语从句,对先行词the communities 加以修饰和限制, that在定语从句中作主语,不可以省略。

3.These industries,in turn,give jobs to the local population, whose welfare depends on tourism.

※whose可以用作关系代词来引导定语从句。句中就是whose在引导非限制性定语从句,对he local population进行补充说明,whose在定语从句中作 welfare 的定语。 whose welfare depends on tourism=of whom the welfare depends on tourism= the welfare of whom depends on tourism.

4.The prices of tourist essentials ... usually increase, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.

※句中画线部分是关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容。

5. More nature-centred tourist attractions, where man and nature lie in harmony, can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourist.

※句中画线部分是关系副词 where 引导的非限制性定语从句,对tourist attractions 进行补充说明, where在从句中作地点状语。此处关系副词 where 相当于in which.

6.As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitat are like to suffer, which could endanger the local plants and animals.

※这是一个主从复合句。由一个主句和as 引导的原因语从句组成。该主句本身也是一个主从复合句,句中含有关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句, which 指代 wildlife habitat are likely to suffer这件事。非限制性定语从句中的关系代词 which不可换成that.。

7.Local festivals and customs, which may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can imply come entertainment for tourists.

※句中画线部分是关系代词 which引导的非限制性定语从句,which 指代local festivals and customs,并在定语从句中作主语。

五、达标导练：（15分钟）

I.选用恰当的关系词或介词+whom/which完成下列限制性定语从句

1. Ancient China was a place ___________ states were often at war with each other.

2. But it was also a time _______ there were many great philosophers.

3. Confucius is the philosopher ______________ influence has been the greatest.

4. I’ve got a book here __________has lots of maps of China.

5. I’m writing an email to some people _____________I met on the boat.

6. The tallest building _____________ I have seen is the Empire State Building in New York.

7. This is the reason ____________ he was late for the meeting.

8. Do you think the reason _____________ he gave is believable?

9. He gets into a situation __________ it is hard to decide what is right.

10. We have come to the point ____________ everyone has different opinions.

11. This is the house ___________ the inventor lived.

六、课后巩固训练：（20分钟）

I.选用恰当的关系词完成下列非限制性定语从句

1. One door led to the top of the stairs, the other to the front bedroom, ______________ could be accessed only through this one.

2. There had been an older brother, too, _______________ had shared Billy’s bed before Grandpa came.

3. Billy’s father was a miners’ agent, employed by the South Wales Miners’ Federation, ____________ was the strongest trade union in Britain.

4. You’ve amused me, _____________ is not an easy feat.

5. His voice, _________ had grown serious, turned light again.

6. My voice was reasonably steady, _____________ pleased me.

7. Charlie met my frightened eyes with a smug grin, ___________ suddenly turned to confusion.

8. Edward threw an elbow toward her ribs, ____________ she neatly dodged.

9. Mike was going to take Jessica, _____________ was exactly as I’d hoped.

10. Charlie slept obliviously in his room, __________ was almost as good as being alone.

11. My dad rummaged in his pockets for a minute and then produced a small white box, __________ he handed to Renée.

12. He didn’t ask what I was thinking, _________ was out of character for him.

13. I washed my face and splashed water on the back of my neck, _______________ was feeling feverish.

14. I flushed a little as I thought of the downy mess in the white room, __________ they would soon encounter.

15. She walked a few steps forward deliberately this time and asked a few brief questions, _____________ he responded to tensely.

16. He saw Jasper as the second-greatest opponent, ____________ is why he’d given him to me.

17. Carlisle and Esme stood by the back windows, ____________ were open to the river again.

18. Her legs, ____________ had been curled up in agony, now went limp, sprawling out in an unnatural way.

19. That possibility seemed very unlikely, ____________ made me feel better about lying.

20. But Alice was already back, carrying the huge, gilt-framed mirror from Rosalie’s room, ____________ was nearly twice as tall as she was, and several times as wide.

21. He looked at Jacob’s face, ___________ was glowing as he stared at Renesmee.

22. It sliced a young maple in half before thudding into the base of a big fir, ___________ swayed and then fell into another tree.

23. It had been my father, Charlie, __________ had printed up the flyers and spread them all over town.

24. I had grumbled a little until Edward, __________ knew my weaknesses, made me feel guilty.

25. Once Rosalie received Alice’s commendation on my hair, she was sent off to retrieve my dress and then to locate Jasper, __________ had been dispatched to pick up my mother and her husband, Phil, from their hotel.

26. Maybe Charlie would call to ask my dad if he’d heard anything from Dr. Cullen, ___________ just didn’t show up to work one day.

27. The blonde made a face, but leaned over her again, next to Edward, ____________ didn’t move an inch.

28. Edward, ____________ had gone all tense with Carlisle’s first plan, loosened up.

29. This definition is broad and unclear, says Lauren O’Connorat the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), ____________ participated in the panel.

30. “You’re going to see a great big swathe of very densely populated areas go up to unprecedented temperatures _____________ nobody experienced in the historical climate,” says Tim Lenton at the University of Exeter, UK, ____________ recently co-authored a research paper called “Quantifying the human cost of global warming”.

31. My colleagues and I discovered this when we taught a maths concept to hearing children, _____________ used their hands to gesture and their mouths to speak, and to deaf children, _____________ used their hands to gesture and to produce American Sign Language.

32. Pam Ross alerted Feedback to the existence of Nicola Lambe, ___________ does research on sheep breeding.

33. It made me real sympathetic to kids like Embry and Collin, _____________ parents didn’t know they were werewolves.

34. I took a deep breath and put the note at the bottom of the duffel bag, ____________ Jacob would find it soon enough.

35. He followed me to the far side of the building, ___________ he caught up to me and put his hand on my shoulder.

II.选用恰当的关系词或介词+whom/which/whose完成下列定语从句

1. Some people always talk loudly in public, __________ is really annoying.

2. There are 45 students in our class, out __________ __________ only 10 are taking an optional art course.

3. Mr. Smith, ______________ you spoke to, is our new professor.

4. Luckily, we brought a map, _________ _________ we would have lost our way.

5. Anyway, that evening, ___________ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up arriving home quite late.

6. Have you seen the newly released film, ___________ leading actor is world famous?

7. It is vital to learn to use these software programs, both __________ ________ can help you with evaluation.

8. York, ___________ I visited last year, is a nice city.

9. “A Brief History of Time”, __________ is a best-selling book, is written by Stephen Hawking.

10. ___________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.

11. This is all ____________ I know about the matter.

12. Her basket was full of bananas, ___________ were given by Uncle Smith.

13. Who was the man ________________ we saw at yesterday’s meeting?

14. This is the job _______________ they laughed.

15. She is very good at dancing, ____________ everybody knows.

16. It was a meeting _____________ great importance we ha