一、导读：

Read the short passage on P6, finish the table and explore the rules.

二、导思：

读一读，悟一悟

1) There is some chocolate and some hamburgers on the table. Help yourself!

2) Either Eve or Herb has been invited by Lucy's parents already.

3) The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.

4) Every student as well as some teachers is asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 in the morning.

5) We are afraid of the teachers who are strict with students.

三、导学&导练：

主谓一致的概念

英语中，无论哪一种句式都要保持句子的主语和谓语在人称和单复数上的一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语的人称和单复数而变化。

主谓一致的三个原则

主谓一致常遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。当这三个原则发生矛盾和冲突时，意义一致为优先考虑的原则。

（一）语法一致原则

主谓一致的语法一致原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也釆取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也釆取复数形式。

1. 不定代词 one，every，each，everybody，everyone，one of，no one，nothing，nobody, someone，somebody，either，neither等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。

Each of us has a new book. 我们每一个人都有一本新书。

2. 由and或both... and连接起来的成分作主语时，一般要用复数形式的谓语动词。

Both his father and mother are teachers. 他的父亲和母亲都是老师。

3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except, but（除了），like（像），as well as, rather than，other than，more than，no less than，besides，including 等短语，谓语动词仍用单数形；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。

Air as well as water is matter.  空气和水都是物质。

Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.格林先生以及他的夫人和孩子来到了中国。

4. 不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福。

When we'll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。

5. 由what引导的主语从句,后而的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

What I bought were three English books.  我买的是三本英语。

What I need is time. 我所需要的是时间。

6. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数应与句中先行词保持一致。 但在the only one of...后面，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

He is one of my friends who arc working hard.他是我工作很努力地朋友之一。

He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 他是我朋友中唯一一个工作很努力地。

7. “the number of+复数名词”作主语时，真正的主语是number（数目），故谓语动词用单数；“a number of +复数名词”作主语时，直正的主语则是of后的复数名 词，故谓语动词用复数形式。

A number of apples are red. 许多苹果是红色的。

The number of students is 2,000. 学生的数量是2000。

8. quantities of与great amounts of 修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

Great amounts of coal have been sent there. 大量的煤被送到了那儿。

（二）意义一致原则

意义一致原则是指有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。

1. 若由and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物，后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式；用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如bread and butter（黄油抹面包），knife and fork（刀叉）等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：

The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了。（一个人）

A hammer and a saw are useful tools。锤子和锯都是有用的工具。（两样物）

A knife and fork lies on the table. 桌子上有一副刀叉。（一个整体）

2. 若由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each，every，more than a(n)/ one，many a(n)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

Every student and every teacher was in the room. 每个学生和老师都在房间里。

No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师或学生开会缺席。

3. 如果集体名词（family, public, club, crew, group, audience）指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式；people，police，cattle，military 等集体名词一般都用作复数。

Class Four is on the third floor. 四班在三楼。

Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 四班就班长的问题达不成一致。

The police are looking for the lost child. 警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。

4. 由“a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of/ the rest of十名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的单复数要根据短语中后面名词的单复数而定。

There are a lot of people in the classroom. 教室里有很多人。

【注】population作主语时，谓语动词用单数；若population被分数、百分数修饰，谓语动词作用复数形式。

The population continues to increase. 人口继续增长。

40% of the population in this area are suffering from the heavy rain. 这个地区40%的人正遭受着暴雨的侵袭。

5. 表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度等的词或词组作主语时，尽管它们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或词组看作一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式。      

Three weeks is a short time.  三周是很短的时间。

Ten pounds is not so heavy.  十磅不是很重。

6. 有些形复意单的名词如：news；以-ics结尾的学科名称 如：physics, mathematics, economics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：The New York Times；书名如：Arabian Nights《东方夜谭》、Great Expectations《远大前程》；以及 The United Nations(联合国)等，虽以复数形式出现，实际意义为单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

The Arabian Nights is an interesting storybook. 《天方夜谭》是本很有趣的故事书。

7. 若主语中有表数量的短语more than one或many a/ an，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数；但“more+复数名词+ than one”作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数形式；“one +单数名词+ and a half”作主语时，其谓语动词采用单数形式，“one or two +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“a+单数名词+ or two”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球。

More than one student was late. 不止一个学生迟到。

One banana and a half was left on the table. 一根半香蕉被剩在桌子上了。

One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。

A word or two is missing here. 这里缺一两个词。

8. 算式中式示数目(字)的主语通常看作单数，其谓语动词采用单数形；数学算式中要是用and或plus表示“加”，用times表“乘以”则谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。

Twelve plus eight is twenty.  12加8等于20。

Ten times zero is /are zero.   十乘以零等于零。

Two and two is/ are four.    二加二等于四。

9. trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但如果这些名词前有a/ the pair / kind / sort /type of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。      

My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜碎了。

A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜。

10. “定冠词the+形容词或分词”表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；但当它表示的是一个抽象概念时，则用单数形式。

The wounded are treated well.  伤员得到了很好的治疗。

The beautiful is loved by all. 美的事物人人爱。

11. 名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于该动词后面名词的单复数，动词后面的名词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；动词后面名词为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。

His is a new bike.       他的是一辆新自行车。

His are some old books.  他的是些旧书。

（三）就近一致原则

就近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和单复数常常与最靠近的作主语的词语保持一致。

1. 当两个主语由 or，either.. . or， neither... nor，not only... but also，not... but连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。

Either the teacher or the students are our friends. 老师或学生都是我们的朋友。

Not only the students but also the teacher is interested in this new course.

对于这门新课程，不光学生感兴趣，老师也很感兴趣。

2. 以there, here引起的表示存在的句子，而主语又不止一个时，谓语动词应按照就近一致原则。

Here are some books you may be interested in. 这里有一些你可能感兴趣的书。

There is an air-conditioner and two computers in his office.在他的办公室里有一台空调和两台电脑。

四、达标导练：（10分钟）

单句语法填空

1. Staring at someone _______ (be) impolite.   

2. What he said_______ (be) true and what we badly need_______ (be) good teachers.  

3. Steve, together with his wife, _______ ( move) off tonight.  

4. Believe it or not, everyone here _______ (have) a gift for music.  

5. No teacher and no student _______ (listen) to the lecture now.  

6. He is the only one o£ the students who_______ (have) a gift for the performance.  

7. This pair of scissors _______ (belong) to the tailor.  

8. Neither the students nor the teacher _______ (know) the reason why she behaved strangely.

9. Bread and butter _______ (be) what we usually have for breakfast.  

10. Not only I but also he _______ (look) down upon those who always rely on others.  

11. A number of students ______（have）seen the film. That is, the number of the students who have seen the film _____(be) large.

12. The famous musician,