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一、导读：
Read the passage on P48, and find the sentences with to-infinitives，verb-ing and verb-ed forms
二、导思：
①Various measures are being taken such as the streetstall and smallstore economy to expand domestic demand.
②The boy admitted stealing a bar of chocolate from the supermarket.
③Inspired by heroes in harm's way, many students chose to study medicine at college.
④To enrich your vocabulary, you are supposed to read and accumulate a great deal.
⑤What if you catch a guy committing a crime like stealing from a jewelry store?
⑥A man respecting others will be respected.
[我的发现]
1．句①④为动词不定式作目的状语。
2．句②⑤⑥为动词ing形式，其中②为动名词作宾语，⑤为现在分词短语在句中作补语，⑥为现在分词短语在句中作后置定语。
3．句③为过去分词短语在句中作状语。
三、导学
非谓语动词综述
非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表：
| 功能
形式
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主语
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宾语
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表语
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定语
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状语
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补语
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| 动词不定式
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√
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√
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√
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√
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√
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√
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| 动词-ing形式
|
√
|
√
|
√
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√
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√
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√
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| 动词-ed形式
|
|
|
√
|
√
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√
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√
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动词不定式
不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to＋动词原形”。不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和单复数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语，但不能单独作谓语。
(一)不定式的用法
1．作主语(见Unit 1)
2．作宾语
| 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装
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decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend
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| 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮
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offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help
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(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
We agreed to meet at the school gate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。
(2)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
3．作宾语补足语
(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。
Father will not allow us to play in the street.父亲将不允许我们在街上玩耍。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：
一感(feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(let，have, make)，五看(see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助 (help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。
4．作定语
不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。
Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)你有一封信要写吗？
Do you have the ability to read and write in English？(同位关系)你有用英语读和写的能力吗？
5．作状语
(1)作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to。
To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
(2)作结果状语，常用结构enough to, too...to..., only to等。
I'm too tired to stay up any longer.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
(3)作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad, happy, frightened, surprised等。
I'm very glad to meet you here.在这儿遇见你我真高兴。
(4)作目的状语，此时的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。
To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)
To learn English well, he bought himself a dictionary.(√)
6．作表语(见Unit 1)
(二)疑问词＋不定式
不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
He didn't know what to say.(宾语 |