It should have become apparent by now that the harmony with nature which we late comers regard with such nostalgia, and for which Schiller has coined the cant term naïve, is by no means a simple and inevitable condition to be found at the gateway to every culture, a kind of paradise.
到此，我们应该指出：现代人所渴望去静观的这种和谐，亦即人与自然的合一（席勒使用“素朴”这术语来表示这意境），绝不是这样简单的，自然自发，仿佛难免的一种境界，也不是在任何一种文化门前必然见到的人间乐园。
Such
a
belief
could
have
been
endorsed
only
by
a
period
for
which
Rousseau's
Emile
was
an
artist
and
Homer
just
such
an
artist
nurtured
in
the
bosom
of
nature.
只有浪漫主义时代才相信这点；当时，人们想象艺术家有如卢梭的爱弥儿。妄想在荷马身上发现象爱弥儿那样在自然怀抱中养育出来的艺术家。
Whenever
we
encounter
"
naï
veté"
in
art,
we
are
face
to
face
with
the
ripest
fruit
of
Apollinian
culture--
which
must
always
triumph
first
over
titans,
kill
monsters,
and
overcome
the
somber
contemplation
of
actuality,
the
intense
susceptibility
to
suffering,
by
means
of
illusions
strenuously
and
zestfully
entertained.
凡在艺术上发现有“素朴”的场合，我们都认为这是梦神文化的最大效果，这种文化往往必须首先推翻原始的铁旦王国，杀掉魔怪，然后凭它的有力的幻象和可爱的幻想，战胜了静观世界底阴森可怕的深渊和悲天悯人的敏感。
But
how
rare
are
the
instances
of
true
naï
veté,
of
that
complete
identification
with
the
beauty
of
appearance!
可是，我们就甚少能达到这种心醉神迷于假象之美的素朴境界，荷马的崇高真是不可言诠：
It
is
this
achievement
which
makes
Homer
so
magnificent--
Homer,
who,
as
a
single
individual,
stood
to
Apollinian
popular
culture
in
the
same
relation
as
the
individual
dream
artist
to
the
oneiric
capacity
of
a
race
and
of
nature
generally.
他个人对待梦神型的民间文化，正如个别梦境艺术家对待一般人民与自然的梦想能力那样。
The
naï
veté
of
Homer
must
be
viewed
as
a
complete
victory
of
Apollinian
illusion.
所谓荷马的“素朴”，只能理解为梦境幻想的绝对胜利，
Nature
often
uses
illusions
of
this
sort
in
order
to
accomplish
its
secret
purposes.
The
true
goal
is
covered
over
by
a
phantasm.
它是自然为了达到目的而常常使用的一种幻想。
We
stretch
out
our
hands
to
the
latter,
while
nature,
aided
by
our
deception,
attains
the
former.
幻象掩障了真正的目的，当你伸手去把握这幻象时，自然就借你的幻想达到它的目的。
In
the
case
of
the
Greeks
it
was
the
will
wishing
to
behold
itself
in
the
work
of
art,
in
the
transcendence
of
genius;
but
in
order
so
to
behold
itself
its
creatures
had
first
to
view
themselves
as
glorious,
to
transpose
themselves
to
a
higher
sphere,
without
having
that
sphere
of
pure
contemplation
either
challenge
them
or
upbraid
them
with
insufficiency.
在希腊人，“意志”要求在天才和艺术境界的美化作用中静观自己；芸芸众生为了颂扬自己，必须首先觉得是颂扬；他们必须在更高境界里再看见自己，而无须这完美的静观世界来督促或责备。
It
was
in
that
sphere
of
beauty
that
the
Greeks
saw
the
Olympians
as
their
mirror
images;
it
was
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