Central-bank officials attending the annual Jackson Hole symposium conveyed a clear, hawkish message on interest rates. 出席Jackson Hole年度研讨会的央行官员传达了一个明确的、强硬的利率信息。 Jerome Powell, chairman of the Federal Reserve, said he expected the Fed would raise rates throughout next year. 美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔表示，他预计美联储将在明年全年加息。 Officials from the European Central Bank talked of “sacrifice”, and said that the lessons of the 1970s showed there should be no easing of monetary tightening at the first signs of a dip in inflation. 欧洲央行官员谈到了“牺牲”，并表示，上世纪70年代的教训表明，在出现通胀下降的最初迹象时，不应放松货币紧缩。 The ECB is expected to lift rates at its next meeting on September 8th. 预计欧洲央行将在9月8日的下一次会议上提高利率。 The central bankers warned that higher rates were necessary to tame inflation, even if they lead to recession. 央行官员警告称，提高利率对于抑制通货膨胀是必要的，即使这会导致经济衰退。