看点：芬兰，一个人口仅五百多万，国土面积只有三十多万平方公里的国家。其教育发展水平在短短几十年跃居世界前列，芬兰中学生在世界 OECD 组织的PISA 项目测试中表现优秀。芬兰教育成功的秘诀是什么？其成功给了我们什么启示呢？近日，赫尔辛基市政府科技教育及教学环境办公室高级顾问Anna Rantapero-Laine在接受搜狐教育专访时就芬兰教育成功的秘诀、芬兰的自然教育、芬兰教育为何重视项目式学习等话题进行了分享。

受访人Anna Rantapero-Laine

搜狐教育：教育发展水平在短短几十年跃居世界前列，芬兰中学生在世界 OECD 组织的PISA 项目测试中表现优秀，在您看来芬兰教育成功的秘诀是什么？

Anna：Finland"s excellent learning outcomes are the result of research-based pedagogy and its innovative approach to teaching and learning. This combination supports the creation of excellent curricula and first-class learning environments and processes. Equality is a key value in our education system. Therefore differences of learning outcomes between schools are very small.

芬兰优秀的学习成果是研究型教学法及其创新的授课与学习方法的结果。这种结合模式促进了优秀课程的创新和一流学习环境和流程的创建。平等是我们教育体系的关键价值。因此，学校之间的学习成果差异非常小。

Secondly, Finland has a very high-quality teacher training. Teachers in Finland must hold a master’s degree and pedagogical qualifications. They enjoy professional freedom and trust, and have the power to influence their own daily work and the development of schools. Teachers´ profession is higly-regarded and respected in our society and only the best very applicants are accepted in teacher training programmes.

其次，芬兰有非常高质量的教师培训。芬兰的教师必须拥有硕士学位和教学资格证书。他们享有职业自由并给予充分信任，有能力指导自己的日常工作和学校的发展。教师的职业在我们的社会中受到高度重视和尊重，只有最优秀的申请者才会被允许参与教师培训课程。

Thirdly, Finland has a strong IT sector and a booming gaming industry. This has helped to create favorable conditions for developing innovative digital learning solutions.

第三，芬兰拥有强大的IT产业和蓬勃发展的游戏产业。这为开发创新的数字学习解决方案创造了有利条件。

赫尔辛基虚拟城市 ©Helsinki Marketing

搜狐教育：这两年中国有个词叫做“内卷”，中国的父母普遍焦虑，家长们害怕孩子考不上好学校，跟不了好老师，比别人成绩差，幼升小，小升初，中考，高考……再加上自身的工作、生活压力，每一样都能让父母不淡定，常常处于焦虑与竞争之中。您怎么看待这种教育的“内卷”，芬兰教育存在这种内卷吗？您对中国的家长有什么建议？

Anna：The competition of global workforce and top experts is increasing around the globe and to some extent this type of tendencies can be seen in many countries. It is understandable that parents wish that their children would succeed in life. To some extent, the pressures for Finnish students in upper secondary education have been increasing during the last couple of years.

全球劳动力和顶级专家之间的竞争在全球范围内日益加剧，在某种程度上，这种趋势在许多国家都可以看到。父母希望自己的孩子在生活中取得成功是可以理解的。在某种程度上，芬兰学生在高中教育中受到的压力在过去几年里也一直在增加。

However in general, we believe that from happy children become happy adults. Play and also free play is highly-valued in early childhood education and primary education. We want to see our children to grow to their full potential, but not to risk their wellbeing in the process. If children feel safe, well and stress-free, they will also learn better. We try to minimize unnecessary comparison and competition between learners as everyone has their own strengths. Positive pedagogy is widely used in Finland, which focuses on strengths and positive feedback. This boosts motivation and self-esteem of learners.

但总的来说，我们相信快乐的孩子会成长为快乐的成年人。幼儿教育和初等教育高度重视玩耍和自由玩耍。我们希望看到我们的孩子充分发挥他们的潜力，但不要在这个过程中拿他们的健康冒险。如果孩子们感到安全、健康且没有压力，他们也会学得更好。我们尽量减少学习者之间不必要的比较和竞争，因为每个人都有自己的优势。积极教学法在芬兰被广泛应用，侧重于对优势的专注和积极的反馈。这可以提高学习者的积极性和自尊心。

户外活动的孩子们©Helsinki Marketing

搜狐教育：芬兰是一个崇尚自然养育的国度，芬兰为何如此重视自然教育，芬兰的自然教育有什么经验可以分享？

Anna：Finnish people have generally a close relationship with nature. It is a place for us to relax and recruit. Forests and nature are also very good learning environments for many reasons. One can teach and learn many different subjects and phenomena in a natural environment. Being active in a forest or in nature boosts the wellbeing of learners and teachers, reduces stress-levels and enhances resilience.

芬兰人与自然关系密切。自然是我们放松和恢复的地方。森林与自然也是很好的学习环境，很多原因可以佐证这一点。人们可以在自然环境中教授和学习到许多不同学科的知识和现象。在森林或大自然中活跃可以提高学习者和教师的幸福感，降低压力水平，增强韧性。

Environmental sustainability is one the most important themes in our society today and in the upcoming decades. Therefore building a close relationship with nature and understanding nature´s significance in our own wellbeing at a young age is now more important than ever.

环境可持续性是当今社会和未来几十年最重要的主题之一。因此，在我们年轻的时候，与自然建立密切的关系，理解自然对我们自身幸福的重要性，比以往任何时候都更重要。

搜狐教育：此前，网传芬兰首都赫尔辛基正式废除小学和中学阶段的课程式教育，后来这一消息被辟谣了，实际上芬兰教育更多采取实际场景主题教学，也就是项目式学习，芬兰教育为何重视项目式学习？项目式学习在芬兰的课堂是如何落地的？

Anna: The current national core curriculum in Finland asks that students take at least one module each year with the phenomenon-based learning approach. The purpose is to better prepare learners for real life.

芬兰目前全国的核心课程要求学生每年至少学习一个基于现象的学习方法模块。目的是让学习者更好地适应现实生活。